Calculates the signature of a generalized ellipsoid, a vector of length 3 giving the number of positive, zero and infinite singular values in the (U, D) representation
References
Friendly, M., Monette, G. and Fox, J. (2013). Elliptical Insights: Understanding Statistical Methods through Elliptical Geometry. Statistical Science, 28(1), 1-39.
Examples
(zsph <- gell(Sigma = diag(3))) # unit sphere in R^3
#> $center
#> [1] 0 0 0
#>
#> $u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,] 0 0 1
#> [2,] 0 1 0
#> [3,] 1 0 0
#>
#> $d
#> [1] 1 1 1
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "gell"
(zplane <- gell(span = diag(3)[,1:2])) # a plane
#> $center
#> [1] 0 0 0
#>
#> $u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,] 1 0 0
#> [2,] 0 1 0
#> [3,] 0 0 1
#>
#> $d
#> [1] Inf Inf 0
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "gell"
dual(zplane) # line orthogonal to that plane
#> $center
#> [1] 0 0 0
#>
#> $u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,] 0 0 1
#> [2,] 0 1 0
#> [3,] 1 0 0
#>
#> $d
#> [1] Inf 0 0
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "gell"
(zhplane <- gell(center = c(0,0,2), span = diag(3)[,1:2])) # a hyperplane
#> $center
#> [1] 0 0 2
#>
#> $u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,] 1 0 0
#> [2,] 0 1 0
#> [3,] 0 0 1
#>
#> $d
#> [1] Inf Inf 0
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "gell"
dual(zhplane) # orthogonal line through same center (note that the 'gell'
#> $center
#> [1] 0 0 2
#>
#> $u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,] 0 0 1
#> [2,] 0 1 0
#> [3,] 1 0 0
#>
#> $d
#> [1] Inf 0 0
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "gell"
# object with a center contains more information than the geometric plane)
zorigin <- gell(span = cbind(c(0,0,0)))
dual( zorigin )
#> $center
#> [1] 0 0 0
#>
#> $u
#> [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,] 0 0 1
#> [2,] 0 1 0
#> [3,] 1 0 0
#>
#> $d
#> [1] Inf Inf Inf
#>
#> attr(,"class")
#> [1] "gell"
# signatures of these ellipsoids
signature(zsph)
#> pos zero inf
#> 3 0 0
signature(zhplane)
#> pos zero inf
#> 0 1 2
signature(dual(zhplane))
#> pos zero inf
#> 0 2 1