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Produces a 3D mosaic plot for a contingency table (or a link[MASS]{loglm} model) using the rgl-package.

Generalizing the 2D mosaic plot, this begins with a given 3D shape (a unit cube), and successively sub-divides it along the X, Y, Z dimensions according to the table margins, generating a nested set of 3D tiles. The volume of the resulting tiles is therefore proportional to the frequency represented in the table cells. Residuals from a given loglinear model are then used to color or shade each of the tiles.

This is a developing implementation. The arguments and details are subject to change.

## Usage

mosaic3d(x, ...)

# S3 method for loglm
mosaic3d(x, type = c("observed", "expected"),
residuals_type = c("pearson", "deviance"), ...)

# S3 method for default
mosaic3d(x, expected = NULL, residuals = NULL,
type = c("observed", "expected"), residuals_type = NULL,
shape = rgl::cube3d(alpha = alpha), alpha = 0.5,
spacing = 0.1, split_dir = 1:3, shading = shading_basic, interpolate=c(2,4),
zero_size=.05,
label_edge,
labeling_args = list(), newpage = TRUE, box=FALSE, ...)

## Arguments

x

A link[MASS]{loglm} model object. Alternatively, a multidimensional array or table or structable of frequencies in a contingency table. In the present implementation, the dimensions are taken in sequential order. Use link[base]{aperm} or structable to change this.

expected

optionally, for contingency tables, an array of expected frequencies of the same dimension as x, or alternatively the corresponding loglinear model specification as used by link[stats]{loglin} or link[MASS]{loglm} (see structable for details).

residuals

optionally, an array of residuals of the same dimension as x (see details).

type

a character string indicating whether the "observed" or the "expected" frequencies in the table should be visualized by the volume of the 3D tiles.

residuals_type

a character string indicating the type of residuals to be computed when none are supplied. If residuals is NULL, residuals_type must be one of "pearson" (default; giving components of Pearson's chi-squared), "deviance" (giving components of the likelihood ratio chi-squared), or "FT" for the Freeman-Tukey residuals. The value of this argument can be abbreviated.

shape

The initial 3D shape on which the mosaic is based. Typically this is a call to an rgl function, and must produce a shape3d object. The default is a "unit cube" on (-1, +1), with transparency specified by alpha.

alpha

Specifies the transparency of the 3D tiles used to compose the 3D mosaic.

spacing

A number or vector giving the total amount of space used to separate the 3D tiles along each of the dimensions of the table. The values specified are re-cycled to the number of table dimensions.

split_dir

A numeric vector composed of the integers 1:3 or a character vector composed of c("x", "y", "z"), where split_dir[i] specifies the axis along which the tiles should be split for dimension i of the table. The values specified are re-cycled to the number of table dimensions.

shading

A function, taking an array or vector of residuals for the given model, returning a vector of colors. At present, only the default shading=shading_basic is provided. This is roughly equivalent to the use of the shade argument in mosaicplot or to the use of gp=shading_Friendly in mosaic.

interpolate

a vector of interpolation values for the shading function.

zero_size

The radius of a small sphere used to mark zero cells in the display.

label_edge

A character vector composed of c("-", "+") indicating whether the labels for a given table dimension are to be written at the minima ("-") or maxima ("+") of the other dimensions in the plot. The default is rep( c('-', '+'), each=3, length=ndim), meaning that the first three table variables are labeled at the minima, and successive ones at the maxima.

labeling_args

This argument is intended to be used to specify details of the rendering of labels for the table dimensions, but at present has no effect.

newpage

logical indicating whether a new page should be created for the plot or not.

box

logical indicating whether a bounding box should be drawn around the plot.

...

Other arguments passed down to mosaic.default or 3D functions.

## Details

Friendly (1995), Friendly [Sect. 4.5](2000) and Theus and Lauer (1999) have all used the idea of 3D mosaic displays to explain various aspects of loglinear models (the iterative proportional fitting algorithm, the structure of various models for 3-way and n-way tables, etc.), but no implementation of 3D mosaics was previously available.

For the default method, residuals, used to color and shade the 3D tiles, can be passed explicitly, or, more typically, are computed as needed from observed and expected frequencies. In this case, the expected frequencies are optionally computed for a specified loglinear model given by the expected argument. For the loglm method, residuals and observed frequencies are calculated from the model object.

## Value

Invisibly, the list of shape3d objects used to draw the 3D mosaic, with names corresponding to the concatenation of the level labels, separated by ":".

## References

Friendly, M. (1995). Conceptual and Visual Models for Categorical Data, The American Statistician, 49, 153-160.

Friendly, M. Visualizing Categorical Data, Cary NC: SAS Institute, 2000. Web materials: http://www.datavis.ca/books/vcd/.

Theus, M. & Lauer, S. R. W. (1999) Visualizing Loglinear Models. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 8, 396-412.

## Author

Michael Friendly, with the help of Duncan Murdoch and Achim Zeileis

## See also

strucplot, mosaic, mosaicplot

loglin, loglm for details on fitting loglinear models

## Examples

# 2 x 2 x 2
if(requireNamespace("rgl")){
mosaic3d(Bartlett, box=TRUE)
# compare with expected frequencies under model of mutual independence
mosaic3d(Bartlett, type="expected", box=TRUE)

# 2 x 2 x 3
mosaic3d(Heart, box=TRUE)
}
#> Loading required namespace: rgl

if (FALSE) {
# 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
# illustrates a 4D table
mosaic3d(Detergent)

# compare 2D and 3D mosaics
demo("mosaic-hec")
}